



Risks of Local Anesthetic Medicines
Local anesthetic drugs are medications that act upon nervous tissue
to interrupt the transmission of electrical impulses. Many people are familiar
with some of the proprietary names for drugs of this family, names such
as xylocaine (generic name lidocaine), novocaine (procaine),
and marcaine (bupivacaine). Many other local anesthetic medications
are available and in wide usage. Their primary uses are in local
and regional anesthesia.
When local anesthetics are applied to nervous tissues, they interact
with proteins on the surface of the cell that are involved in the flow
of electrical ions across the cell membrane. This effect interrupts the
conduction of electrical impulses along the nerve fiber so that signals
are not transmitted from the body to the brain. Most major nerves in the
body contain several different types of nerve fibers, and some of these
are more sensitive than others to the effects of local anesthetics. Thus
as more and more local anesthetic drug is applied to the nerve, more and
more types of sensations are blocked. Temperature and pain are more easily
blocked, whereas motor function (the ability to move) is one of the last
to go. In addition, nerves vary in their sensitivity to these medications
as a result of age and certain diseases such as Diabetes.